ABSTRACT
This study aims to describe and analyze the paths of social media website users' interaction with the content of government accounts during the COVID-19 pandemic. The objectives of the study are to describe the roles of government accounts as a tool to support the concept of health communication among users of social media websites and analyze the targeted and untargeted roles that have emerged in this context, describe the roles of government accounts as a tool of government communication and analyze how government institutions employed them during the COVID-19 pandemic, and describe the roles of social media websites as a tool to address the problems and challenges created by the social spacing procedures and solutions provided by these websites to deal with these challenges. This study surveys a sample of previous studies conducted on the roles of government accounts on social media websites during the COVID-19 pandemic. The tools of this study are both analytical and comparative as they analyze and compare the results of previous studies on the interaction paths of internet users. The results indicate that social media websites have been considered a pivotal tool for building a renewable and interactive system. This coincides with developments in the communication environment in which the individual is present within the social pattern, and its depth of impact has been demonstrated, particularly after the repercussions of the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic.
ABSTRACT
The INHALE-HEP meta-trial is a prospective collaborative individual participant data meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials and early phase studies, to evaluate whether inhaled nebulised UFH in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 who do not require immediate invasive mechanical ventilation, significantly reduces intubation (or death, for patients who died before intubation) at day 28 compared to standard care alone. Objective: In keeping with best practice and with the published protocol, a pre-specified statistical analysis plan has been described and made public before completion of patient recruitment and data collection into the INHALE-HEP meta-trial. Methods: Our statistical analysis plan was designed by the INHALE-HEP executive committee and statisticians and approved by the INHALE-HEP steering committee. We reviewed the data collected as specified in the meta-trial protocol and collected in individual contributing studies. We present information pertaining to data collection, pre-specified subgroups, and study outcomes. Primary and secondary outcomes are defined, and additional subgroup analyses of pre-defined variables are described. Results: We have described our methods for presenting the trial profile and baseline characteristics, as well as our Bayesian approach to monitoring and meta-analysing individual patient data, outcomes and adverse events. All analyses will follow the intention-to-treat principle, considering all participants in the treatment group to which they were assigned, except for cases lost to follow-up or withdrawn. Conclusion: To minimise analytical bias, we have developed a statistical analysis plan and made this available to the public domain before completion of patient recruitment and data collection into the INHALE-HEP meta-trial.
Subject(s)
COVID-19ABSTRACT
Inhaled nebulised unfractionated heparin (UFH) has a strong scientific and biological rationale that warrants urgent investigation of its therapeutic potential in patients with COVID-19. UFH has antiviral effects and prevents the SARS-CoV-2 virus’ entry into mammalian cells. In addition, UFH has significant anti-inflammatory and anti-coagulant properties, which limit progression of lung injury and vascular pulmonary thrombosis. Methods and intervention The INHALEd nebulised unfractionated HEParin for the treatment of hospitalised patients with COVID-19 (INHALE-HEP) meta-trial is a prospective individual patient data analysis of on-going randomised controlled trials and early phase studies. Individual studies are being conducted in multiple countries. Participating studies randomise adult patients admitted to the hospital with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, who do not require immediate mechanical ventilation, to inhaled nebulised UFH or standard care. All studies collect a minimum core dataset. The primary outcome for the meta-trial is intubation (or death, for patients who died before intubation) at day 28. The secondary outcomes are oxygenation, clinical worsening and mortality, assessed in time-to-event analyses. Individual studies may have additional outcomes. Analysis We use a Bayesian approach to monitoring, followed by analysing individual patient data, outcomes and adverse events. All analyses will follow the intention-to-treat principle, considering all participants in the treatment group to which they were assigned, except for cases lost to follow-up or withdrawn. Trial registration, ethics and dissemination The meta-trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT04635241. Each contributing study is individually registered and has received approval of the relevant ethics committee or institutional review board.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Lung Injury , ThrombosisABSTRACT
Introduction: Inhaled nebulised unfractionated heparin (UFH) has a strong scientific and biological rationale and warrants urgent investigation of its therapeutic potential for COVID-19. UFH has antiviral effects and prevents the SARS-CoV-2 virus’ entry into mammalian cells. In addition, UFH has significant anti-inflammatory and anti-coagulant properties, which limit progression of lung injury and vascular pulmonary thrombosis. Methods and intervention This meta-trial is a prospective collaborative individual patient data meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials and early phase studies. Individual studies are conducted in multiple countries. Adult patients admitted to the hospital with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, who do not require immediate mechanical ventilation, are randomised to inhaled nebulised UFH or standard care. All studies collect a minimum core dataset. The primary outcome is intubation (or death, for patients who died before intubation) at day 28, assessed in a time-to-event analysis. The secondary outcomes are oxygenation, clinical worsening and mortality, assessed in time-to-event analyses. Individual studies may have specific outcome measures in addition to the core set. Ethics and dissemination: The meta-trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, ID NCT04635241. Results of this study will be shared with the WHO, published in scientific journals and presented at scientific meetings.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Lung Injury , ThrombosisABSTRACT
Condition:
COVID 19;COVID 19
Intervention:
;standard of care group ;Standard of care plus nebulized heparinPrimary outcome:
The primary outcome will be the average daily ratio of partial pressure of oxygen to FiO2 (PaO2/FiO2) while the patient on room air for 7 days.Criteria:
Inclusion criteria: Age:18-60 years old, recently diagnosed (within 24 h) and moderate symptoms of the disease ongoing SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed in upper or lower respiratory tract specimens with real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), willingness to participate. Pneumonia on computed tomography of the chest will not be mandatory for inclusion.Exclusion criteria: age below 18 years, severe conditions including malignancies, heart, liver, or kidney disease, poorly controlled metabolic diseases, pregnancy or lactation, severe hepatic impairment (e.g. Child Pugh grade C, alanine aminotransferase more than fivefold the upper limit), severe renal impairment (estimated glomerular filtration rate =30 mL/min/1.73 m2) , receipt of continuous renal replacement therapy, hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, allergy to heparin (including any history of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia), pulmonary hemorrhage in the previous 3 months, uncontrolled bleeding or a significant bleeding disorder, an intracranial hemorrhage in the past 12 months and patients with mild and severe COVID-19 will be excluded.